This article simply tells a detailed history of the mass media. Private ownership of the media has continued to blossom in nigeria following the promulgation of decree 38 of. Mass communication project topics and materials pdf 2020. Concentration of media ownership is very frequently seen as a problem of contemporary media and society. Therefore, before any media ownership laws were enacted, colonialism and the struggle for self governance triggered private ownership of the mass media. Nigerian media is one fact and it is another for the nigerian government, with its vision of using the media to achieve national goals in its own way without a conflict of interests. This paper analyzes the role of communication media news sources towards sustainable governance in an emerging democracy. Trends of ownership and control of media in south africa. The roadblocks to freedom of the press 1 bello madaki beli and2ashiru tukur inuwa 1 department of mass. We need a trade union movement that stands unwavering in the face of current systematic assaults on.
Therefore, before any media ownership laws were enacted, colonialism. Media ownership preface the issues of media ownership concentration and the formulation and implementation of an effective media legislation received considerable attention in recent years. Patterns of ownership and accessibility to information and media. Brown envelope journalism in nigeria is a practice whereby monetary inducement is given to journalists to make them write a positive story or kill a negative story. Theories of the press in discussing the symbiotic relationship between the media and government, it is essential to look at the philosophical and political rationales that undergird media politics in general. In nigeria, there are prevalent cases of the state media being used by. Index spotlights countries where journalists are slain and the killers go free. Proceedings of the multidisciplinary academic conference on sustainable developmentvol. Most easy to ascertain was the ownership structure of the zimbabwe newspapers, the governmentcontrolled. Nov 01, 2018 the politics of media ownership in kenya. How media can be an instrument of peace in conflictprone. South africa, kenya, ghana, nigeria and egypt, are the poles of expansion when it comes to private, commercial, and community media in africa amdi. The mass media brand loyalty and promotional strategies in the mobile industry in nigeria.
Both leaders have consolidated media ownership in the hands of their cronies, ensuring that the outlets with the widest reach support the government and smear its perceived opponents. The study made use of secondary sources of data collection i. Media ownership control and democratic development in nigeria. Media ownership and control versus press freedom in a. Nigerians are avid consumers of news, with twothirds saying they access news at least once a day 66. Media ownership and its impact on media independence and. Pdf this study explores some of the issues in media ownership and control in nigeria.
This is where constraints on mass media policies in nigeria begin. And it concurs with the explains given by my lecture in history of nigerian mass media akaaha chinelo maryjane mass communication 200level student of caleb university imota, ikorodu. The history of the media in nigeria has always been characterized by two major forms of ownership, those owned by the government and those owned by private individuals. In hungary, where the process has advanced much further, nearly 80 percent of the media are owned by government allies.
It holds that these two factors determine the extent to which there is free flow of. Understanding the role of media in economic development christopher j. The guardian nigeria news nigeria and world news the. It is believed that colonialism, christianity and nationalism worked together in shaping the nature of the media in nigeria.
Audu auditorium, federal polytechnic, bauchi, nigeriamedia regulations in nigeria. So it is still difficult to say for sure whos who in the media industry. Article information, pdf download for media ownership and market structures. Despite these shocking figures, women, even learned ones, are still. Mierzejewska 2 i n the field of mass communication, the term theory is often loosely defined. Historical perspective the literature on ownership influence on media contents in nigeria are not in acute shortage. Adam smith, writing in 1776, attempted to determine the factors that led to the wealth of nations. As required in the terms of reference, this study represents a part of the project support to media. It is fact that a government owned broadcast station would not want to broadcast anything that would jeopardize or tarnish the image of the government. In addition to the benefit of deregulation in nigeria, the ownership of broadcast media stations by individuals craves way for true democracy.
Within the media watch program, we drew attention to the threat these issues pose to media pluralism in 2002 based on. Between 1991 and now, the media throughout this continent, bar only a few countries, has altered significantly with the rise and rise of commercial press, broadcasting and internet. In many cases, these companies control everything from initial production to final distribution. The influence of media ownership and control on media. With the mixture of governmentowned media outlets and private media establishments, nigerian news media industry is deemed as one of. Trade union services and benefits in africa edited by. Patterns of ownership and accessibility to information and media facilities in democratizing the media in nigeria chris okwudishu abstract this article hypothesizes that the extent of democratization of the mass media in any society is a function of two factors. With the deregulation of the nigerian media through, the. These two forms of media ownership are all driven by separate agenda.
Media ownership patterns the ownership of the mass media namely. For instance, the wellknown event of 1974 that is generally referred to as the dabohtarka affair comes to mind. Media ownership also affects the voters right to information. This study explores some of the issues in media ownership and control in nigeria. An assessment of its role 181 social interactions in nigeria. M edia ownership also known as media consolidation is a commonly used term that refers to the majority of the media outlets being owned by a small number of corporations and especially by those who view such consolidation as detrimental, dangerous, or. Pdf exploring the issues in media ownership and control in. Consequently, privately owned media outlets have shortlife span in nigeria. The influence of media ownership and control on media agenda setting in nigeria international journal of humanities social sciences and education ijhsse page 38 3. The nigeria press, social media and free and fair election in the 21st century. The influence of media ownership and control on media agenda.
The issues of media ownership and control can never be overemphasized due to the dwindling situations surrounding media practice in nigeria. There are constraints posed by opposing interests on the part of nigerian. Trends of ownership and control of media in south africa version 3. The guardian nigeria newspaper brings you the latest headlines, opinions, political news, business. Historically, nigeria has boasted the most free and outspoken press of any african country, but also one which has consistently been the target of harassment by the past military dictatorships. Media and political communications in nigeria s first republic there were mixed party and nonparty media, governmentowned and controlled media, politicalparty newspapers and the press of private concerns, during the first republic, 19601966. This article assesses the challenges of news media sustainability in nigeria. Nigeria s growing population is a result of a high fertility rate and increasing life expectancy. The growth of these movements led directly to the birth of small newspapers. The number of smartphone users in nigeria, africas biggest economy and most populous country, is forecast to grow to more than 140 million by 2025. The african ejournals project has digitized full text of. Political advertising and media campaign during the pre.
Voters access to information on elections is limited in some countries by poor diversity of media ownership, or by lack of policymaking and investment that ensures that media reaches a majority of the population. Through a history of mergers and acquisitions, these companies have concentrated their control over what we see, hear and read. Nigeria executive summary nigeria has a relatively high internet penetration rate, driven primarily by a rapid expansion of mobile platforms. Paradigms,conceptualframeworks,models,normativetheories. It specifically examines and discusses the relationship between the press and governance, and the contributions of the press in political development and national integration in nigeria. The media is said to take the coloration of where the. The media is said to take the coloration of where the practice is being carried out i. When media ownership is concentrated in one or more of the ways mentioned above, a number of undesirable consequences follow, including the following. Government is urged to encourage free enterprise and allow a. Pdf exploring the issues in media ownership and control in nigeria. This paper examines the patterns of media ownership in nigeria. The mass media ownership policies and ethical problems of nigerian journalist.
Radio is the dominant news platform in nigeria, with 77. Since 1999 nigeria has been practicing democratic governance. The impact of ownership on these was largely reflected. As a system of government, democracy is nurtured by a fair, vibrant and effective media. The media, development communication, and governance in. Am and sw use declined contemporary media use in nigeria. It argues that national communication policies should be implemented to the letter especially in nigeria. Pdf exploring the issues in media ownership and control. After thirteen years of struggle for democracy and its consolidation, albanian media has found itself in a situation when there is freedom of the press, but no free. Odipodev the politics of media ownership in kenya the. Influences of media ownership patterns on media freedom and professionalism in nigeria independence led the people to organize nationalist movements.
It starts by making a case for an ethically based practice of. And this kind of media can only be possible where the media is free and uncensored or deregulated. The press, radio, television and other agencies of the mass media shall at all times be free to uphold the fundamental objectives contained in this chapter and. The name is derived from cash inducements hidden in brown envelopes and given to journalists during press briefings. Some of them go further to unequivocally suggest that government ownership is opposed to press freedom. The print media and crisis resolution in the nigerdelta region of nigeria. It examines the national mass communication policies in nigeria and ghana looking at the issue of ownership, content and funding and how it can be used to achieve development objectives of the nations. It is ironic that an industry that is supposed to facilitate the free flow of information, and act as a watchdog on government, should be so opaque. Implications for democratic governance in the fourth republic of ghana by mohammed s. Introduction the question of what factors lead to economic development has been at the center of economics for over two centuries. As discussions on nigerias development crisis continue to take an expanded dimension, recent studies clearly reinforce the position of previous researchers that a robust and free press is quite capable of dismantling negative images and stereotypes which the country has faced. The article underscores the adverse effects of structural deficit in the democratic norms and institutional capabilities on the news media sustainability in nigeria.
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