Low loss, in switch and phase shifter circuits at frequencies up to 40 ghz is possible as a result of low parasitic series resistance in the conducting and nonconducting states. When the pin diode is forward biased, holes and electrons are injected into the i region. Cellerc, weidong zhoud, jianguo maa, zhenqiang mab,nn a tianjin university, school of electronic information engineering, tianjin 300072, pr china b university of wisconsinmadison, department of electrical and computer engineering, madison, wi. The cv characteristics of a typical varactor diode and its symbols are shown in the following figure. Supplemental material on pin diode physics is included in the appendices section of the handbook. Ppt microwave device powerpoint presentation free to.
New topology multiplier generates odd harmonics application note avago n. The packaged pin diodes series are designed to have a high. The treatment here deals specifically with pin diode phase shifter circuit design. When the pin diode is forward biased, holes and electrons are injected into the iregion. Mercury systems is the preeminent leader in rf and microwave solutions for electronic warfare, radar, weapons and homeland security applications. Pin diode working characteristics and its applications. Placed across a transmission line, the pin diode becomes an absorptiontype attenuator which permits sinewave, squarewave, and pulse modulation without frequency pulling. Heres what is known as a vertical pin diode or vpin. An extensive choice of package styles are available which may be used in a wide variety of rf microwave circuits. What are the advantages and disadvantages of parametric amplifier. A voltage variable capacitance of a reverse biased junction can be termed as a varactor diode. Low cost frequency multipliers using surface mount pin diodes wenzel associated inc twodiode oddorder frequency multipliers. An excellent primer on pin diode circuit design is available on the skyworks solutions inc.
Low loss, low cost, discrete pin diode based, microwave. A microwave pin diode is a semiconductor device that operates as a variable resistor at rf and microwave frequencies. Diode semiconductor tunnel, gunn, impatt, varactor diodes, pin, lsa, schottky barrier diode. The occurrence of an intrinsic layer can significantly increase the breakdown voltage for the application of highvoltage. Tubes generate and amplify high levels of microwave power more cheaply than solid state devices. Microwave or rf signals passing through the pin diodes experience some finite phase shift. Here the diode is formed of a stack of the three materials, from top to bottom, p, i, n. A pin diode is a diode with a wide, undoped intrinsic semiconductor region between a ptype semiconductor and an ntype semiconductor region. The aim of the paper is to analyse and design variable attenuators equipped with rov 211 chip pin diodes. Pin diode single pole double throw rf switch fmsw2026 from fairview microwave is rated for an insertion loss maximum of 10. The pindiode is an alteration of the pnjunction for particular applications. Pin diode wafers on film frame building on a proven legacy including products developed at alpha industries prior to its merger with conexants wireless division to become skyworks, our product portfolio includes pin, schottky, varactor and limiter diodes for a wide variety of microwave applications. List the differences between microwave transistor and ted devices.
Additional spdt pin diode rf switch specs for this can be found on its radio frequency spdt pin diode switch pdf specifications datasheet above. Low cost frequency multipliers using surface mount pin diodes wenzel associated inc two diode oddorder frequency multipliers. Designed for low frequency, low intermod switching and attenuation. Pin diodes in rf switch applications pin diode spst switches figure 5 photo of the evaluation board for pin diode spst switch with bar6302l vias copper 35 figure 6 pcb stack information of the evaluation board for pin diode spst switch fr4, core, 0. The presence of intrinsic region exhibits high resistance property. Solid state switches american microwave corporation. Please refer to the packaged pin diode datasheet for case style availability. Macom and its affiliates reserve the right to make changes to the products or information contained herein without notice.
The pin diode is very good for rf switching, and the pin structure is also very useful in photodiodes. These charges do not immediately annihilate each other. A unique feature of the pin diode is its ability to control large amounts of rf power with much lower levels of dc. After this, operation of the read diode was demonstrated and then in 1966 a pin diode was also demonstrated to work. After the pnjunction diode was developed in the year 1940s, the diode was first exercised as a highpower rectifier, lowfrequency during the year 1952. Also, if the lo drive is increased to a point where the schottky diode is driven into forward conduction, it also becomes an efficient mixer. The offerings below are intended to highlight standard products, however, with our extensive inhouse capabilities, custom parts are also available.
The pin diode as a microwave modulator application note 1 aug. The pin diode may be considered as a lumped variableimpedance microwave circuit element. As an esd protection device, the tc231 can protect esd sensitive components. Click here to go to our page on solidstate switches. Comparison of pointcontact and schottky diode performance as a microwave converter, or mixer, is shown in figs.
Low loss, low cost, discrete pin diode based, microwave spdt and sp4t switches liam devlin, andy dearn, graham pearson, plextek ltd plextek ltd, london road, great chesterford, essex, cb10 1ny tel. Pin diode limiter design involves a delicate tradeoff between power handling and protection sensitivity. The pin diode finds wide usage in rf, uhf, and microwave circuits. Varactor diode is a semiconductor device in which the junction capacitance can be varied as a function of the reverse bias of the diode. The pin diode is a currentcontrolled resistor at radio and microwave frequencies. Pin diode switches microwave and rf information for. At these types of frequencies, a pin diode is fundamentally a device with an impedance controlled by its dc excitation. If the voltage is not forced, the capacitor will function as a peak detector. Pin diodes entire books have been written about the pin diode. Whether you need a singlefunction rf component for airborne radar, a spacequalified, compact gan sspa, or a highlyintegrated electronic warfare subsystem, our design expertise. The figure below shows a horizontal pin diode, sometimes called hpin. It is a silicon semiconductor diode in which a high resistivity intrinsic iregion is sandwiched between a ptype and ntype region. A pin diode is a current controlled device in contrast to a varactor diode which is a voltage controlled device.
Pdf av010243en pin diode agilent microwave pin diode catv distribution network microwave pin diode spice 8753es hsmp389z hsmp386z. V24 silicon pin chips 11 macom technology solutions inc. Heres what is known as a vertical pin diode or v pin. This structure has been developed specifically for rfmicrowave use, with the special property of varying resistance between the full on and full off states, controlled by the current flow. Nonlinear effects in such shunt pin diode attenuators are analysed, too. Rf model of flexible microwave singlecrystalline silicon. It was also used in a number of microwave applications, although it took until around 1960 before its use became more popular in this application. Catalog no ac01068 on pin diode and solid state switches and switched filter banks catalog no ac02068 on solid state.
For selection tables for high speed microwave switching and for medium and high power rf switching applications, please click on the respective tab. The ptype and ntype regions are typically heavily doped because they are used for ohmic contacts the wide intrinsic region is in contrast to an ordinary pn diode. The wide intrinsic region makes the pin diode an inferior rectifier one typical function of a diode, but it makes the pin diode suitable for attenuators, fast switches, photo detectors, and high voltage power electronics applications. Due to their remarkable properties, varactor diodes now find extensi,e use everywhere from the audio frequencies to the outer reaches of the extreme microwave frequencies. A pin diode is a current controlled device in contrast to a varactor diode which is. The wide intrinsic region makes the pin diode an inferior rectifier one typical.
It is a silicon semiconductor diode in which a highresistivity, intrinsic i region is sandwiched between a ptype and ntype region. Here the p and n layers are formed on top of the i layer. Design and simulation of a sp4t switch based on the pin. However, you never know when this application note is going to disappear as skyworks. Many of macom s silicon pin diode chips are also available in several different package styles.
The figure below shows a horizontal pin diode, sometimes called h pin. The diode chips are bonded into sealed ceramic packages that are designed for the most stringent electrical and environmental conditions. Pin and nip diodes mpulse microwave bipolar transistor. It is a 3layer device in which an intrinsic layer i. Lo drive, the two diodes are comparable until the drive drops to 9 dbm, beyond which the schottky diode. Uln2803 pin configuration ta8316s tc9653an ta7606p high voltage diode for microwave ovens induction heating ta8316s tlp250 low side pwm driver relay driver ic uln2803 2sk3201. A pin diode is an advancement of normal pn junction diode. Pdf design with pin diodes application note semantic. Cermachip diodes are available in a wide range of voltages, up to 3,000 volts, which are capable of controlling kilowatts of rf power. Varactors diodes are design with thin epitaxial ilayers.
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